Lesson 1: Introduction to Biblical Interpretation

Lesson Outline

1. Introduction

2. Importance of Proper Biblical Interpretation

3. Obstacles to Proper Biblical Interpretation

4. Objectives of Biblical Interpretation

5. Proper Attitude

6. Diligence in Interpretation

7. Spiritual Illumination

Introduction

Studying the Bible is different from studying any other subject. It must not be done from a purely academic perspective. One who approaches Bible study for the wrong reasons or in the wrong way will end up frustrated and confused. However, Bible study is essential to every Christian. Therefore, it is important to learn to love the truth found in God's Word, and also to learn how to approach studying the Bible.

Anyone who reads and studies the Bible is also an interpreter of the Bible, deciding what the words mean and how they apply to everyday life. God spoke to us through His Word, but to get the benefits of that communication, we must properly understand the meaning of His Word.

Lesson 2: Careful Examination of Scripture

Lesson Outline

1. Introduction

2. Reading Scripture Carefully

2.1. Make Observations

2.2. Ask Questions of the Text

3. Exercises

Introduction

While there are many high-quality study tools available, it is best to start with the source: the Bible. Before moving on to other books, always spend time in the Bible, seeing what the Bible itself has to say about the subject at hand. This helps to guard against bias of non-Biblical sources, and also puts the emphasis on the text itself, rather than what someone else has said about the text.

Much can be gleaned from effective study of the Bible alone, without any study tools. To get the most out of studying Scripture, start by taking the time to carefully and thoughtfully read the Bible itself.

Lesson 3: Principles of Biblical Interpretation

Lesson Outline

1. Integrity in Biblical Interpretation

2. Literal Interpretation of the Bible

3. Principles of Biblical Interpretation

3.1. Rule of Context

3.2. Rule of Definition

3.3. Rule of Usage

3.4. Rule of Historical and Geographical Background

3.5. Rule of Logic

3.6. Rule of Precedent or First Mention

3.7. Rule of Unity

3.8. Rule of Comparison

3.9. Rule of Inference

3.10. Rule of Genre

Integrity in Biblical Interpretation

It is essential to interpret the Bible with integrity. Since the Bible is the Word of God, anyone who interprets the Bible is speaking for God and has a responsibility to represent Him accurately.

Proper interpretation serves to protect from false doctrine, helps to prevent bad habits of interpretation, and allows us to be trustworthy to others. We expect others to interpret Scripture properly and to change their beliefs when proven wrong; we need to live by that standard as well.

There is never a case when it is proper to take Scripture out of context and use it to support a doctrine. It is never acceptable to misinterpret Scripture, even if the doctrine you are teaching or defending is right. True doctrine stands on its own and is supported by correct interpretation of Scripture; false doctrine relies on misinterpretation of Scripture. Thus, it is never acceptable, nor is it necessary or useful, to take Scripture out of context in order to support truth. The following Scriptures contrast proper and improper interpretation.

Lesson 4: Studying Longer Passages

Lesson Outline

1. Finding the Theme(s) of the Passage

2. Outlining Passages

3. Understanding the Context of the Passage

4. Genre of Writing

4.1. Narrative

4.2. Wisdom Literature

4.3. Poetry or Song

4.4. Prophecy

4.5. Epistles

4.6. Parables

Finding the Theme(s) of a Passage

Studying long passages of Scripture introduces a new challenge: how to understand the passage's meaning without over-analyzing all the details. To begin to do this, it helps to read the passage several times. Try to get a feel for what the author is trying to say. How would he summarize what he's trying to say? Is there one common theme throughout the passage? If so, what is that theme? It is all right to over-simplify at first.

For example, the book of First Corinthians deals with many different subjects. However, we can still identify one overarching theme or purpose of the book: Paul is addressing various problems, especially disunity, in the local church. Understanding that purpose gives us the context we need to make sense of the book.

Lesson 5: Word Study

Lesson Outline

1. Introduction to Biblical Languages

1.1. Hebrew

1.2. Aramaic

1.3. Greek

1.4. Studying the Original Language without Learning the Language

2. Using Concordances

2.1. Strong's Concordance

2.2. Young's Analytical Concordance

2.3. Englishman's Hebrew Concordance of the Old Testament

2.4. Englishman's Greek Concordance of the New Testament

3. Using Lexicons

3.1. Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew-English Lexicon

3.2. Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon

3.3. How to Use a Lexicon

4. Other Word Study Tools

4.1. Vine's Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words

4.2. Theological Dictionary of the Old/New Testament

4.3. Analytical Key to the Old Testament

4.4. Vincent's Word Studies in the New Testament

4.5. Word Study Bibles

5. Online Resources for Word Study

6. A Process for Word Study

Introduction to Biblical Languages

The Bible was not originally written in English. This is an important thing to understand in order to properly study the Bible. The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew, except for a few short sections in Aramaic (a language very similar to Hebrew); the New Testament was originally written in Greek. When we read the Bible, we’re reading a translation of the original Hebrew or Greek.

This is one of the primary problems to overcome when studying Scripture in detail. Although the translations of the Bible into English are good, no translation can completely convey the original meaning perfectly. For some Hebrew or Greek words, it’s hard to convey the full meaning in English. This is where a good concordance or word study book comes in handy. These tools will be covered later in more detail.

Lesson 6: Common Pitfalls of Biblical Interpretation

Lesson Outline

1. Introduction

2. Failure to consider context

2.1. Failure to consider the immediate context of a verse or passage

2.2. Failure to consider the context of Scripture as a whole

2.3. Failure to consider the context of a word when trying to understand its meaning

3. Root fallacy

4. Semantic anachronism

5. Other common fallacies

Introduction

How does God feel when people misinterpret His Word and use it as justification for all sorts of behavior? How do you feel when someone you love takes what you say out of context? There are so many different interpretations of the Bible, resulting in many wrong actions that people consider totally justified. How can we make sure we interpret the Bible properly?

The rules and principles in the previous lesson are all things that help us interpret the Bible correctly. Sometimes, however, it’s useful to consider common pitfalls of interpretation, or things that we need to strive to avoid when interpreting the Bible. These are commonly known as “exegetical fallacies.” The term “exegetical” means “relating to exegesis;” exegesis is the technical term for analysis of a text, in this case, the Bible. Exegetical fallacies are errors in analyzing the text that will lead to incorrect conclusions.

Lesson 7: Figurative Language

Lesson Outline

1. Introduction

2. Similes

3. Metaphors

3.1. Anthropomorphism

Introduction

Paul declared that “all scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable....” (II Timothy 3:16) One part of Scripture that is often overlooked or misunderstood is figures of speech. Figurative language in Scripture is not less significant or important than literal language; rather, figures of speech are legitimate departures from literal expressions in order to give emphasis to what has been written or spoken.

There are many types of figurative language in Scripture. Two of the most common examples of figures of speech used in the Bible are similes and metaphors.

1. Lesson 1: Introduction and Creation

   Lesson Outline:

   1. Introduction to Doctrine and Doctrinal Study

   1.1. What is Doctrine?

   1.2. The Source of Doctrine

   1.3. The Importance of Doctrine

   1.4. Sound Doctrine

   1.5. Principles of Doctrinal Study

   2. Creation

   2.1. In the Beginning (Genesis 1)

   2.2. Man and Woman (Genesis 2)

   2.3. In the Garden (Genesis 2)

Introduction to Doctrine and Doctrinal Study

Before studying Biblical doctrine, it is essential to understand what doctrine is, where it comes from, why it is important, and how to properly study it.

What is Doctrine?

The word “doctrine” simply means “something that is taught.” Biblical doctrine is the teaching of the Bible, God's Word. More specifically, we often use the word “doctrine” to refer to our core beliefs as Christians and Apostolics.

We believe in “apostolic doctrine,” which refers to the doctrine, or teachings of the Apostles. The New Testament records the preaching and teaching of the Apostles in Acts and the Epistles.

1. Lesson 2: Sin

   Lesson Outline:

   1. Fall of Man

   2. What is Sin?

   3. Categories of Sin

   4. Breaking Sinful Habits

Fall of Man (Genesis 3:1-24)

In the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve were originally without sin and in fellowship with God. They fell from that innocent state by a simple act of disobedience to God. After their disobedience, the Bible describes man's fallen nature very bleakly.

...For the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth. (Genesis 8:21)

For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. (Ecclesiastes 7:20)

But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away. (Isaiah 64:6)

1. Lesson 3: God's Plan of Redemption

   Lesson Outline:

   1. Redemption

   2. God's Plan in the Old Testament

   2.1. Before the Law

   2.2. During the Law

   2.3. Types

   3. God's Plan in the New Testament

   3.1. The Gospel: The Death, Burial, and Resurrection of Christ

   3.2. The Consistency of God's Plan

Redemption

Despite the sinfulness of mankind, God has always had a plan whereby individuals who loved God and wanted to be saved could be saved. Although God has dealt with people differently during different times, there are certain aspects of the process that do not change. God's plan of salvation during Old Testament times had certain key elements that looked forward to the time when God would manifest Himself in flesh as Jesus Christ, die for our sins, and fulfill the plan God had from the beginning for the redemption of mankind.

The word “redemption” means deliverance or rescue; repurchase, or recovery by payment.¹ Biblically, it refers to God delivering mankind from the bondage of sin. By the death of Jesus Christ on Calvary, He purchased us back from the slavery of sin.

1. Lesson 4: Salvation

   Lesson Outline:

   1. Introduction

   2. The Universal Need for Salvation

   3. Faith, Works, and Grace

   4. The Plan of Salvation

   4.1. Identification with the Gospel

   4.2. Repentance

   4.3. Baptism

   4.4. Receiving the Gift of the Holy Ghost

The Universal Need for Salvation

As human beings, we all start from the same position spiritually: we are all sinners in need of salvation. The Bible clearly states that every person, regardless of how good or bad they may seem, is a sinner. This is consistently stated in both the Old and New Testament.

Who can say, I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin? (Proverbs 20:9)

But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away. (Isaiah 64:6)

For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not. (Ecclesiastes 7:20)

1. Lesson 5: Salvation (continued)

   Lesson Outline:

   1. Ephesians 2: From Sin to Holiness

   2. The Results of Salvation

   3. Predestination

   4. Stewardship of Spiritual Understanding

Ephesians 2: From Sin to Holiness

In the second chapter of Ephesians, Paul gives us a detailed description of what happens in the process of salvation. He begins by describing a person's state before salvation: “dead in trespasses and sins;” living according to the lusts of our flesh; and deserving God's wrath (Eph. 2:1-3).

However, even in that state, God loved us and was merciful to us. Paul speaks of salvation as the gift of God, raising up the sinner from the death of sin into life with Christ (Eph. 2:4-9).

Paul goes on to describe the Christian life after salvation. We are “created in Christ Jesus unto good works;” we are reconciled with God; and we have access to and fellowship with God. He ends the chapter by describing the Christian as a part of the church.

1. Lesson 6: Separation and Holiness

   Lesson Outline:

   1. The Necessity of Separation and Holiness

   2. Separation

   3. Holiness

   4. The Pursuit of Holiness

The Necessity of Separation and Holiness

Obedience to the plan of salvation, and receiving the gift of the Holy Ghost, is just the beginning of living for God. God wants a deep, personal, ongoing relationship with each of us. He wants us to “grow in grace, and in the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ” (2 Peter 3:18). We are to be gradually changed, becoming more Christ-like in our thoughts, desires, and actions.

Separation and holiness are not just things God desires for us, but they are commandments. God's people have always been required to be separated from the world, to be separated unto God, and to be holy.

1. Lesson 7: Key Principles of Holiness

   Lesson Outline

   1. Humility

   2. Moderation

   3. Modesty

   4. Honesty and Integrity

   5. Godly Speech

   6. Stewardship

Principles of Holiness

We will now discuss some of the fundamental principles of holiness. Rather than trying to cover the many specific standards of holiness, our focus will be on learning broader principles that can apply to many different situations. Once these broad principles are grasped and taken to heart, specific situations will be easier to handle by considering one or more of the principles of holiness.

Humility

Humility can be defined simply as the absence of pride or arrogance, or to use a Scriptural phrase, that one not “think of himself more highly than he ought to think” (Romans 12:3). As Christians, we are expected to be humble both towards God and towards others.

1. Lesson 8: Separation and Holiness

   Lesson Outline:

   1. Christian Attitudes

   2. Building a Godly Life

   2.1. The Fruit of the Spirit

   2.2. The Sermon on the Mount

Christian Attitudes

The Christian life is all about having a real relationship with God, and becoming more like Him in every way. This includes becoming more like Him in our thoughts and attitudes. Godliness in thoughts and attitudes is the proper source of godly actions.

As we become more Christ-like, our thoughts and attitudes will change to be more like His. The natural result of a Christ-like attitude is acting in a Christ-like manner.

1. Lesson 9: Spiritual Gifts

   Lesson Outline:

   1. Introduction

   2. Gifts of Inspiration

   3. Gifts of Revelation

   4. Gifts of Power

Introduction to the Gifts of the Spirit

The Book of Acts received its name because it records the history of the Early Church and contains the account of the words and actions of the Apostles and believers. However, it is more accurately the account of the Spirit of God working through the Apostles and early believers. If infant Christianity needed the Spirit of God working to evangelize the world and establish the Church, we too need a move of God to evangelize and perfect the end time Church.

The context of this passage on spiritual gifts clearly shows that we must have these spiritual endowments to assist us in the spiritual work of perfecting the body of Christ. God supernaturally empowers the Church for the work He has called us to do in the earth. Through the gifts, God reveals to the Church a small segment of His omniscience and omnipotence.

The Gifts of the Spirit can be divided into three categories. The gifts that God uses to speak to the Church are the Gifts of Inspiration or “vocal gifts.” God imparts a small portion of His knowledge and wisdom through the Gifts of Revelation or “knowledge gifts.” Whenever God manifests His power in the Church, it is through the Gifts of Power.

All of God’s works of wisdom or power in the Old Testament or New Testament are either operation of the Gifts of the Spirit or of the Spirit behind the Gifts. In the Old Testament, the Spirit of God moved mightily upon men to accomplish superhuman feats of power in the name of God. God’s Spirit came upon chosen individuals for specific assignments. However, in the New Testament, the Holy Ghost fills and empowers us to do the will of God.

Lesson 1: Introduction to the Old Testament

1. General Introduction to the Old Testament

   1. Overall Story of the Old Testament

   2. Importance of the Old Testament

   3. Divisions of the Old Testament

   4. Genres of the Old Testament

   5. Principles found in the Old Testament

2. Studying the Old Testament

   1. Studying the Books of the Old Testament

   2. Studying the Themes of the Old Testament

   3. Studying the Characters of the Old Testament

   4. Proper Interpretation of the Old Testament

General Introduction to the Old Testament

The Old Testament contains thirty-nine books and covers a time period of approximately 3,600 years. It contains history, poetry, prophecy, and much more. However, the Old Testament cannot be adequately studied as just a book of history. Rather, it is God's Word, showing how God revealed Himself to mankind. The Old Testament begins by asserting that God created the heavens and the earth, and everything that is in them. After man sinned, God began to prepare the way for the redemption of mankind. Therefore, although the Old Testament does contain much history, it must be studied with constant attention to God's redemptive plan and God's self-revelation.

Overall Story of the Old Testament

The Old Testament contains so much history that it can be overwhelming to study. It is helpful when studying the Old Testament to first understand the “big picture,” in order to have a framework for understanding the details.

Lesson 2: Creation, Primeval Times and the Patriarchs

• Introduction to the Book of Genesis

  • Creation and the Fall of Man (Gen. 1-4)

  • Noah and the Flood (Gen. 6-9)

• The Book of Job

• The Lesson of Job

• Introduction to the Patriarchs

  • Abraham (Gen. 12-25

  • Isaac (Gen. 21-27)

  • Jacob (Gen. 25-35

  • Joseph (Gen. 37-50)

• The Lessons of Genesis

Introduction to the Book of Genesis

Genesis is the first book of the Bible, and is often called the book of origins, or the book of beginnings. “Genesis” means beginning or origin, and the Book of Genesis contains the origin of the world, as well as the origin of man, the origin of sin, the origin of the nation of Israel, and so on. Genesis also contains the first glimpses of all the major doctrines of the Bible.

Genesis covers a time period from the creation of the world up to the time when Israel settled in Egypt during Joseph’s life.

Lesson 3: From Egypt to the Promised Land

• Introduction

• Exodus

• Leviticus

• Numbers

• Deuteronomy

Introduction

The books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, and Judges find Israel coming out of Egypt, going into the Promised Land and conquering it, up through the time of the judges. During this time, Israel progresses from one nomadic family, to a large nation in its own land. More importantly, in the events of this time period, God reveals more about Himself to them.

Exodus

Exodus covers the time period from the time Jacob arrives in Egypt to the time the tabernacle was erected in the wilderness just over 400 years later. It records God's redemption of His people from slavery in Egypt.

When the book of Exodus opens, the Israelites are living in Egypt. The pharaoh who knew Joseph and was so kind to his family has died, and a new pharaoh has taken over who has enslaved the Israelites. God selects a leader in Moses to lead them out of Egypt. By obeying God, Moses leads them out of Egypt, across the Red Sea, and into the wilderness. The rest of the book of Exodus is taken up with God revealing Himself and His ways to the people.

Lesson 4: The Conquest and the Time of the Judges

• Introduction

• Joshua

  • Lessons from Joshua

• Judges

• Ruth

• Lessons from Judges and Ruth

Introduction

At the end of Genesis, Israel was settled in Egypt. The books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy and Joshua describe how God delivered the nation of Israel from slavery in Egypt and brought them through the wilderness into the Promised Land.

Exodus: From Egypt to Mount Sinai

Leviticus: Laws given at Mount Sinai

Numbers: From Mount Sinai to the border of Canaan; wilderness wanderings

Lesson 5: The United Kingdom

• Introduction

• Saul (First Samuel)

• David (Second Samuel)

• Solomon (First Kings)

Introduction

After the period of the judges, Israel began to be ruled by kings. This happened after Samuel appointed his two ungodly sons as judges. The elders of Israel came to Samuel, insisting that he anoint a king to rule over them. God told Samuel to grant their request but warned them that the king would oppress them. The people continued to insist that they wanted a king, so God granted their request.

This ended the period of the judges and began the period of kings ruling Israel: first Saul, who was rejected by God in favor of David, then David, then David’s son Solomon. This period is sometimes called the “United Kingdom” period because during this time, the nation of Israel lived in unity under one king.

The book of First Samuel covers the time period from the end of Israel's rule by judges to the death of their first king, Saul. The book of Second Samuel covers the period of David's reign over Israel. The first eleven chapters of the book of First Kings cover the period of Solomon's reign. The books of First and Second Chronicles also include the reigns of David and Solomon (as well as those of subsequent kings of the divided monarchy).

Lesson 7: The Divided Kingdom

• Introduction

• Northern Kingdom (Israel)

• Southern Kingdom (Judah)

• Elijah and Elisha

Introduction

After Solomon’s death, his son Rehoboam took the throne. Jeroboam, who had been an officer of Solomon's, came to Rehoboam as a representative of the northern ten tribes. He asked Rehoboam to lighten the burdens that Solomon had placed on the people. Before responding, Rehoboam sought advice both from the elders and from the young men with whom he had grown up. The elders advised him to decrease the burden on the people, but the young men counseled him to lead by force, increasing the labor and tax burden.

Rehoboam followed the advice of the young men, so Jeroboam led the ten northern tribes in revolt. The country was divided into two kingdoms: the northern ten tribes (Israel) under Jeroboam and the southern tribes of Judah and Benjamin under Rehoboam. Both kingdoms eventually ended up being conquered and taken into captivity, and only a small remnant ever returned.

The last part of First Kings (chapters 12-22) records the division of the kingdom as well as the reigns of many of the kings of both Israel and Judah. The book of Second Kings continues the history of the divided kingdom, including the fall of Israel and the fall of Judah. The book of Second Chronicles (chapters 10-36) gives the history of the kings of Judah, overlapping somewhat with the book of First Kings.

Lesson 8: Pre-Exilic Prophets

• Introduction to the Prophets

• “Major” and “Minor” Prophets

• Isaiah

• Jeremiah and Lamentations

• Hosea

• Joel

• Amos

• Micah

• Habakkuk

• Zephaniah

Introduction to the Prophets

The prophetic books in the Old Testament were written by fifteen men who were called prophets (sometimes described as seers, watchmen, men of God, or various other titles.) When we think of a prophet, we often think of someone who predicts future events, but Old Testament prophets were more like preachers. They were spokesmen for God. They heard from God and conveyed God’s message to the people, either orally or in writing. The Old Testament prophetic books are the written records of what these prophets said and did.

There are four major themes in the writings of the prophets that recur repeatedly: exposing the sin of the people; calling the people back to serving the Lord; warning of coming divine judgment; and anticipating the coming Messiah.

Lesson 9: Exile

• Introduction

• Esther

• Exilic Prophets

  1. Ezekiel

  2. Daniel

Introduction

Three books of the Bible take place during the time of the Exile, the period of time when the Southern Kingdom (Judah) was in captivity in Babylonia (and later Persia).

Esther

The book of Esther takes place between the first and second returns detailed in the book of Ezra. It takes place in Persia. Remember that Persia had conquered Babylonia, so the Jews that had been captives in Babylonia were now living in Persia. Most of the Jews had chosen to remain in Persia, but their lives were in danger because of a plot to exterminate them. God intervened and used Esther and Mordecai to deliver the Jews.

Lesson 10: Return from Exile

• Ezra

• Nehemiah

Ezra

Ezra is the story of a remnant of Israelites who return from Babylonian exile to rebuild the Temple and restore Israel. There are actually two returns described in the book of Ezra. First, Zerubbabel leads a group back to Jerusalem to rebuild the Temple (ch. 1-6). After a gap of about 60 years in the narrative, Ezra returns and works to restore the spiritual condition of the people.

The first return comes in 538 B.C. King Cyrus of Persia had just conquered Babylonia the year before and issued a decree allowing the Jews to return to their homeland. Out of two to three million Jews, however, only about 50,000 chose to return. They had assimilated to the Babylonian lifestyle and weren’t willing to give up their comfortable lives to return.

Zerubbabel leads this group back and in the face of much opposition, manages to get the Temple rebuilt by 515 B.C.

In 457 B.C., Ezra brings priests and others back to the Temple, along with valuable gifts, and finds that the people and priests have intermarried with foreign women. After Ezra confronts them, they repent and agree to get rid of their foreign wives and follow God’s laws.

Week 1: The Ancient Near East

Purpose

In this lesson, we learn about the major geographical features of the Ancient Near East as the context within which Bible events occurred.

Geographical Features and Locations

• Arabian Desert

• Caspian Sea

• Cyprus

• Egypt

• Euphrates River

• Fertile Crescent

• Levant

• Mediterranean Sea

• Mesopotamia

• Nile River

• Persian Gulf

• Red Sea

• Sinai

• Tigris River

Appendix 2: Blank Maps

Print as needed for assignments and studying. 

Week 2: Ancient Israel, Syria, and Lebanon

Introduction

In this lesson, we learn about the major geographical features of Israel as the context within which Bible events occurred, and basic information about ancient Israel’s climate, economy, food, and agricultural seasons.

Geographical Features and Locations

• Amanus Mountains

• Bashan

• Carchemish

• Cisjordan

• Coastal Plain

• Damascus

• Dead Sea

• Eastern Plains

• Edom

• Galilee - Upper and Lower

• Gilead

• Huleh Valley

• Jezreel Valley

• Jordan River

• Litani River

• Malatya Mountains

• Mediterranean Sea

• Moab

• Mount Carmel

• Mount Hermon

• Negeb

• Sea of Galilee

• Sidon

• Shephelah

• Taurus Mountains (includes Amanus and Malatya)

• Transjordan

• Tyre

• Western Mountains

• Wilderness of Zin

Week 3: The Patriarchs, Egypt, and the Exodus

Introduction

In this lesson, we learn about the patriarchs and their land; the land of Egypt where the Israelites lived for four hundred years; and the exodus from Egypt as God brought the Israelites out of Egypt, sustained them in the wilderness, and brought them to the Promised Land.

Geographical Features and Locations

• Egypt

• Goshen

• Kadesh Barnea

• Moab

• Mount Sinai

• Nile Delta

• Nile River

• Sahara Desert

• Sinai Peninsula

• “Upper” and “Lower” Egypt

Week 4: Conquest and Settlement of Canaan

Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about the route of the Israelites as they entered Canaan, as well as other geographical aspects related to the time of the Israelites’ conquest and settlement of the Promised Land.

Geographical Features and Locations

• Asher*

• Benjamin*

• Dan*

• Ephraim*

• Gad*

• Issachar*

• Jericho

• Jordan River

• Judah*

• Mount Ebal

• Mount Gerizim

• Naphtali*

• Philistia

• Reuben*

• Simeon*

• Transjordan

• Zebulun*

• * Tribe of Israel

Week 5: The United Kingdom and Divided Kingdom

Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about Israel in the time of the kings, including both the United Kingdom and Divided Kingdom periods.

Geographical Features and Locations

• Beth Shan

• Carmel (not Mount Carmel)

• Ein Gedi

• Gath

• Gibeah

• Gilgal

• Israel (Northern Kingdom)

• Jerusalem

• Jezreel Valley

• Judah (Southern Kingdom)

• Megiddo

• Mount Carmel

• Mount Gilboa

• Penuel

• Samaria

• Shechem

• Tirzah

• Wilderness of Maon

• Ziklag

Week 6: The Exile and The Return; Intertestamental Period

Introduction

In this lesson, we will discuss the fall of Israel and Judah, the return of a remnant from captivity, and the events that occurred between the Old Testament and New Testament leading up to the time of Christ.

Geographical Features and Locations

• Assyria

• Athens

• Babylon

• Babylonia

• Greece

• Media

• Nineveh

• Persia

• Rome

• Sparta

• Susa

• Thermopylae

Week 7: The Life and Ministry of Jesus

Introduction

In this lesson, we will learn about geographical features, cultural practices, and Jewish sects that relate to our understanding of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ.

Geographical Features and Locations

• Bethlehem

• Bethsaida

• Caesarea Philippi

• Cana

• Capernaum

• Jerusalem

• Galilee

• Nain

• Nazareth

• Samaria

• Sea of Galilee

• Tiberias

Part 3: A Virtual Tour of Biblical Sites

Weeks 9 and 10: A Tour of Israel

Introduction

The next two lessons in this course consist of a virtual tour of present-day Israel. We will talk through what we would do and see if we really visited Israel. We will “land” in Tel Aviv and follow a mock itinerary through the country as we connect events from the Bible with their geographical context. This tour will include many photos of the locations we “visit.”

Geographical Features and Locations

Week 11: Sites Outside of Israel

Introduction

This week, we travel outside of Israel to visit other sites having Biblical significance.

Geographical Features and Locations

• Antioch

• Athens

• Colossae

• Corinth

• Crete

• Cyprus

• Derbe

• Egypt

• Ephesus

• Lebanon

• Lystra

• Miletus

• Patmos

• Petra

• Philippi

• Pisidian Antioch

• Rome

• Thessalonica

Lesson 1: God’s Eternal Purpose

“Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Christ: According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love: Having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, To the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein he hath made us accepted in the beloved. In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace; Wherein he hath abounded toward us in all wisdom and prudence; Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure which he hath purposed in himself: That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him: In whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestinated according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will: That we should be to the praise of his glory, who first trusted in Christ.” (Ephesians 1:3-12 KJV)

God’s plan was developed long before Adam was formed. The blueprint was complete before the work of creation began. The purpose of the Creator was settled. Beginning with Genesis and continuing through Revelation, everything we read in the Bible voices the fulfillment of His ultimate purpose. We should search and earnestly pray for revelation of God’s eternal purpose for humanity in Christ Jesus.

1.Employing A Teleological View Of Creation

Lesson 2: Preparation for the Messiah

The wisdom of God decreed the world needed a savior. After decades and even centuries of no open vision, the long-awaited announcement of Messiah, God’s plan for salvation, was a welcome event.

1.The Coming Messiah Announced To The Several Entities

1.1.To The Virgin Mary.

The angel Gabriel came to the virgin Mary in the sixth month of Elizabeth’s (John the Baptist) pregnancy with these announcements: “Hail, thou that art highly favoured, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.” “Thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS.” “The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.”16

Lesson 3: The Gospels

Our primary sources for understanding the life and ministry of Jesus Christ are found in the first four books of the New Testament. Mathew, Mark, Luke, and John are widely known as “The Gospels.”

Since the 18th century, the first three books of the New Testament, Matthew, Mark, and Luke have been referred to as the “Synoptic Gospels.”

J.J. Griesbach, a German Bible scholar, created his Synopsis in 1776 and is credited with coining the term "Synoptic Gospels."

The word synoptic is a combination of the prefix “syn” and the word “optic.” “Syn” is a prefix occurring in Greek, having the meaning with or together. “Optic” has to do with the eye or sight. Combined, the word synoptic literally means “together sight.”

Lesson 4: The Birth Of Christ

Introduction:
“When the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law, To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons. And because ye are sons, God hath sent forth the Spirit of his Son into your hearts, crying, Abba, Father. Wherefore thou art no more a servant, but a son; and if a son, then an heir of God through Christ.”83

1.“Now The Birth Of Jesus Christ Was On This Wise”84

1.1.Mary’s Dilemma.

The angel Gabriel was sent by God to the city of Nazareth in Galilee to a virgin whose name was Mary. Mary, a descendant of King David, was engaged to be married to a man whose name was Joseph, who was also a descendant of King David.

Lesson 5: Preparation for Ministry

Introduction:
This lesson focuses on the years and events of Jesus’ preparation for ministry. We are encompassing the first thirty years of His life, his baptism and then the wilderness temptations.

1.The First Thirty Years

The mostly silent years of Jesus’ childhood and young adulthood were an important contribution to his ministry.

1.1.A Few Events From Jesus’ Early Years.

Lesson 6: The Ministry Of Christ

This lesson includes the calling and naming of the apostles. Also examined here are the various phases of

Jesus’ ministry as well as a look at three teaching methods He employed.

1.Calling Disciples

Lesson 7: Two Commandments

This lesson centers on one of the major teaching subjects of Jesus’ ministry. Jesus taught the significance of these two commandments as supreme principles for life.

1.The Great Commandment And Its Companion

Matthew begins his account with a lawyer tempting Jesus with this question, “Master, which is the great commandment in the law? Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.”184

The lawyer questioning Jesus did so with ill intent. Not being sincere, he only wanted something with which to trip up Jesus. As we shall see later, the importance of the commandments Jesus spoke was lost on this lawyer.

Lesson 8: The Kingdom Of God

Establishing the “Kingdom of God” in the world was the primary emphasis of Jesus’ mission. Kingdom preaching and teaching was the ultimate focus of ministry for Him. Jesus said He was sent to preach the Kingdom of God everywhere. He faithfully labored throughout His ministry to plant it in the hearts and minds of humanity.

1.The Kingdom Of God / Kingdom Of Heaven

Matthew wrote that when Jesus heard John was cast into prison, He began to preach, saying, “Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.”218 Matthew alone refers to the phrase, “Kingdom of Heaven,” while also using the term “Kingdom of God.” He appears to use both synonymously. The other gospel writers use only the expression, “Kingdom of God.”

Mark, as well, records Jesus beginning His ministry with this message. “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel.”219

Lesson 9: Christ’s Passion Week

We begin with a brief overview of Christ’s final days leading to Calvary, commonly referred to as the Passion Week. I will use the timeline that Merrill C. Tenney offers in his New Testament Survey 299 to outline the events of this week.

Disclaimer Note: There are some debates surrounding the actual chronology of this week. We will not go into the arguments here but be aware there are different perspectives on this. Our purpose will be to examine the events that took place during the final week leading to the crucifixion. We also will consider the benefits of Jesus’ death, burial, and resurrection in His work of atonement.

The Passion Week Timeline

Sunday Wednesday

Lesson 1: Introduction to the Doctrine of God

Lesson Outline:

1. 1. Class Introduction and Review

2. 2. The Existence of God

3. 3. God's Self-Revelation

   1. 3.1. In Scripture

   2. 3.2. In Experience

Class Introduction and Review

Before studying specific doctrines, it is important to review and reconsider some fundamentals of doctrinal study.

“Doctrine” simply means “something that is taught.” Biblical doctrine is the teaching of the Bible, God's Word. “Apostolic doctrine” means the doctrine, or teachings, of the Apostles as recorded in Acts and the Epistles.

It is essential that we understand that the only valid source of Christian doctrine is the Bible. This is because only God has the authority to establish doctrine. Human opinions and feelings are not a reliable basis for doctrine. Only God, whose very nature is truth, is completely reliable and trustworthy.

Therefore, personal opinions, experiences, feelings, traditions and emotions are not valid sources of doctrine. It does not matter how many people believe something, or how long it has been taught by a group of people. The only thing that matters is whether the Word of God, properly interpreted, supports a doctrine.

Lesson 2: The Nature of God

Lesson Outline:

1. 1. God's Fundamental Nature

2. 2. God Is a Spirit

3. 3. God Is One

4. 4. God Is Eternal

5. 5. God Is Immutable

6. 6. God Is Omnipresent

7. 7. God Is Omniscient

8. 8. God Is Omnipotent

9. 9. God Has All Authority

God's Fundamental Nature

Who is God? What is God like? These questions must be answered in order to have a real relationship with God. Since God is different than mankind, it is important to understand His fundamental nature.

Although mankind was created in God's image, there are some aspects of God's nature that are unique to Him alone. This lesson focuses mainly on these unique aspects of God's nature. The next lesson will address aspects of God's nature that are reflected somewhat in mankind as well.

Lesson 3: God's Moral Attributes

Lesson Outline:

1. 1. Introduction to God's Moral Attributes

2. 2. Holiness

3. 3. Love

4. 4. Mercy

5. 5. Righteousness

6. 6. Truth

7. 7. Faithfulness

8. 8. Wisdom

God's Moral Attributes

In the previous lesson, we studied some attributes of God's nature that are either part of God's fundamental nature, or unique to God alone. For example, only God is all-knowing. In this lesson, we will study some of God's moral attributes. His moral attributes refer to principles of behavior: how God acts.

These moral attributes of God are reflected to some extent in mankind. We were created in God's likeness and image, and that partly refers to God's moral attributes. For example, we were created to be holy. Only God is completely holy, but the holiness of God was reflected in the first man and woman God created. When they sinned, they fell away from that part of God's nature and became unholy.

Through the new birth, and through submission to God and His Word, we can once more begin to take on God's holy nature. His moral attributes can be reflected more and more by our lives. We become a “new creature,” we are transformed from a worldly, carnal lifestyle, and our thoughts and actions begin to conform once again to God's moral attributes.

Lesson 4: Monotheism

Lesson Outline:

1. 1. Introduction

2. 2. Old Testament Monotheism

3. 3. Monotheism in Judaism Today

4. 4. New Testament Monotheism

5. 5. Monotheism vs. the Trinity

6. Monotheism in Practice

Introduction

Monotheism means the belief that there is only one God, as opposed to polytheism, the belief in multiple gods. The three major monotheistic religions today are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All three religions trace their roots back to Abraham. However, Christianity alone recognizes that the one God of the Old Testament was manifested in the person of Jesus Christ. As Oneness Apostolics, we believe this foundational doctrine as taught by the Apostles.

Old Testament Monotheism

Monotheism is emphatically stated and reinforced throughout the Old Testament. The Jewish nation was built on the foundational doctrine of one God. In Old Testament times, many people believed there were many gods. Israel was set apart from the other nations by the belief in only one God.

Monotheism in its simplest form is clearly stated in Deuteronomy 6:4.

Lesson 5: The Incarnation

Lesson Outline:

1. Introduction

1. 2. Son of God

2. 3. Son of Man

3. 4. Oneness in the Incarnation

Introduction

In the previous lesson, it has been scripturally demonstrated that God is One. This is a point that no Christian cares to debate. Even the Trinitarians insist that they are monotheistic in their theology. Obviously, we would debate this point; we would maintain that logically, their theology leads to a tritheistic conclusion.

The main disagreement between the Oneness and the Trinitarian view revolves around the issue of the incarnation. The Oneness view is that God was incarnate in Christ, while the Trinitarians maintain that the second person of the Godhead, God the Son, was incarnate in Christ. Thus, to understand the core of the contention for a Oneness theology instead of a Trinitarian theology, it is necessary to understand the nature of the incarnation. This is our goal in this unit.

As God in Christ, Jesus was both the Son of God and the Son of Man. He was fully God and He was fully man. This was a result of His being born of a virgin who was overshadowed by the Spirit of God.

Lesson 6: Oneness and the Trinity

Lesson Outline:

1. 1. The Trinity Defined

2. 2. Scriptural Problems with the Trinity

3. 3. Father, Son, and Holy Ghost

4. 4. The Importance of Oneness

Introduction

This lesson will briefly define the doctrine of the Trinity as it is usually taught and explain the scriptural problems with that doctrine. Our purpose is not to spend much time studying false doctrine, but simply to understand it well enough to refute it.

The Trinity Defined

The doctrine of the Trinity states that although there is only one God, there are three distinct persons in the Godhead: Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. These three persons are said to be co-eternal and co-equal, yet distinct.

The following are some attempts to describe the doctrine of the Trinity.

Lesson 7: Four Principles

Lesson Outline:

1. 1. Not a Mystery

2. 2. The First Principle

3. 3. The Father

Optional Reading

Understanding the Godhead, “Defining the Godhead”, “God is One!”, and “Identifying the Father”, Gregory K. Riggen (pp. 7-24).

Introduction – A Personal Note from Your Instructor

Many of the things that will be discussed in this and the following two lessons have been discussed during previous lessons in this course. However, these last few lessons are presenting them from a different perspective.

As many of you know, God has blessed me to witness approximately 1,000 Trinitarian pastors and/or pastors’ wives accept the message of Oneness and be baptized in Jesus’ name. I am convinced that the reason so many of them have received this glorious revelation is due in great part to the simple approach to this subject which God showed me several years ago.

Up until this point, we have addressed the subject of One God from a more scholarly perspective, due to the hard work of Brother Kevin McDonald. What I want to do now is to share this message with you from the far more simple perspective which has worked so well in Africa – and is now working amazingly well as a result of the publication of my book.

Lesson 8: Four Principles (Continued)

Lesson Outline:

1. 4. The Son

2. 5. God in Christ

3. 6. Further Evidence

Optional Reading

Understanding the Godhead, “Identifying the Son” (pp. 25-60), “God in Christ” (pp. 35-48), Gregory K. Riggen.

Introduction

Lesson 7 began the enumeration of four basic Bible principles which explain the Scriptural doctrine of the Godhead thoroughly and completely. Each of these principles are based upon the Word of God and are easily understood.

The previous lesson identified the first two principles. Principle #1 is that there is only one God (see Deuteronomy 6:4-5). Principle #2 is that the one God (Whom Jesus identified as the Father) is a Spirit (see John 4:23-24).

This lesson will discuss the final principles. It will also provide further Biblical evidence of the doctrine of Oneness by examining various passages of Scripture which, although often overlooked, actually make a strong case for the glorious message of the Mighty God in Christ.

Lesson 9: Questions Answered

Lesson Outline:

1. 1. The Use of Plurals

2. 2. Stephen’s Vision

3. 3. God-Forsaken?

4. 4. Conclusion

Optional Reading

Understanding the Godhead, “Questions Answered”, Gregory K. Riggen (pp. 61-84).

Introduction

This lesson focuses specifically on three of the most common questions asked of those who believe in the Oneness. Interestingly, the answers actually serve to further disprove the concept of a Trinity.

Lesson 1: Introduction to the New Testament

1. Introduction to the New Testament
2. Lessons of the New Testament
3. The Life of Christ
4. Early Church History

Introduction to the New Testament

As was noted when studying the Old Testament, it helps to first understand the big picture. That way, when considering the details, you have a framework for
understanding them. We will follow this same approach for the New Testament, beginning with this lesson to introduce the New Testament as a whole.

Part of what the New Testament contains is history. Understanding the history contained in the New Testament is essential to gain understanding of the doctrine contained there. To understand the “big picture,” it is helpful to summarize New Testament history as follows:

Lesson 2: The Expansion of the Early Church

1. The Church Expands from Jerusalem

2. The Gospel Spreads to the Samaritans

3. The Gospel Spreads to the Gentiles

4. Paul's Background

5. Paul's Conversion

The Church Expands from Jerusalem

The church began in Jerusalem with the initial outpouring of the Holy Ghost and the three thousand that were baptized on the Day of Pentecost. The church continued to grow from that point:

And the Lord added to the church daily such as should be saved (Acts 2:47).

And the word of God increased; and the number of the disciples multiplied in Jerusalem greatly; and a great company of the priests were obedient to the faith (Acts 6:7).

The church began to spread from Jerusalem to other areas due to persecution. After Stephen’s martyrdom, Saul began to persecute the church. This led to believers scattering about the area, and they preached the gospel wherever they went.

Lesson 3: Paul's First Missionary Journey

1. Paul's First Missionary Journey

2. Introduction to the Epistles

3. Galatians

4. The Jerusalem Conference

Paul's First Missionary Journey

Paul & Barnabas at Antioch

Paul began his ministry at Antioch with Barnabas. It appears that Barnabas may have had a leadership role in the church at Antioch and brought Paul (still called Saul at this time) to assist him.

Then departed Barnabas to Tarsus, for to seek Saul: And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch. (Acts 11:25-26)

After some time God began to call Paul and Barnabas to work as missionaries, taking the gospel abroad.

Paul’s First Missionary Journey (to the region of Galatia, about A.D. 45-48) – Acts 13-14

Lesson 4: Paul's Second Missionary Journey

1. Paul's Second Missionary Journey

2. First Thessalonians

3. Second Thessalonians

Paul's Second Missionary Journey (to Greece, about A.D. 50-53: Acts 15:36 – 18:22)

When Paul departed on his second missionary journey, he went with Silas rather than Barnabas, because he and Barnabas disagreed over whether to take

John Mark (who had
abandoned them on the first trip) with them. Barnabas wanted to take him, but Paul refused.

So Barnabas sailed to Cyprus with John Mark, while Paul took Silas and began by revisiting the new churches he and Barnabas had established in the region of Galatia. At Lystra, Timothy joined them, and at some point Luke joined them.

Lesson 5: Paul's Third Missionary Journey

1. Paul's Third Missionary Journey

2. Paul's Epistles to Churches

3. First Corinthians

4. Second Corinthians

5. Romans

Paul's Third Missionary Journey (to Ephesus and other areas, about A.D. 54-57: Acts 18:23– 20:38)

On this missionary journey, Paul followed his usual method of re-visiting previously established churches to strengthen them. After this, he spent nearly three years in Ephesus, visited Corinth and Philippi, and returned to Jerusalem.

Paul’s Epistles to Churches

Most of Paul’s epistles were written to churches, not to individuals. The exceptions are the books of First and Second Timothy, Titus and Philemon. It is likely that many of these epistles were passed around for more general reading after they were read in the local church, and eventually they became a part of the New Testament, for the edification of the church as a whole.

Lesson 6: Paul's First Roman Captivity

1. Paul's Arrest, Imprisonment, and Voyage to Rome

2. Philemon

3. Colossians

4. Ephesians

5. Philippians

Paul's Arrest, Imprisonment, and Voyage to Rome

Paul returned to Jerusalem after his third missionary journey, although he apparently knew that trouble awaited him there. It is not clear whether he felt that what was coming was God’s will, or whether he just didn’t care, but whatever the reason, he continued to Jerusalem despite warnings that trouble awaited.

For Paul had determined to sail by Ephesus, because he would not spend the time in Asia: for he hasted, if it were possible for him, to be at Jerusalem the day of Pentecost. And from Miletus he sent to Ephesus, and called the elders of the church. And when they were come to him, he said unto them, Ye know, from the first day that I came into Asia, after what manner I have been with you at all seasons, Serving the Lord with all humility of mind, and with many tears, and temptations, which befell me by the lying in wait of the Jews: And how I kept back nothing that was profitable unto you, but have shewed you, and have taught you publickly, and from house to house, Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ. And now, behold, I go bound in the spirit unto Jerusalem, not knowing the things that shall befall me there: Save that the Holy Ghost witnesseth in every city, saying that bonds and afflictions abide me. But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry, which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the gospel of the grace of God. And now, behold, I know that ye all, among whom I have gone preaching the kingdom of God, shall see my face no more. And when he had thus spoken, he kneeled down, and prayed with them all. And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him, Sorrowing most of all for the words which he spake, that they should see his face no more. And they accompanied him unto the ship. (Acts 20:16-25, 36-38)

Lesson 7: Years of Freedom

1. Paul's Later Years

2. The Pastoral Epistles

3. First Timothy

4. Titus

Paul's Later Years

The Book of Acts closes without any discussion of what happened to Paul after the two years of imprisonment mentioned in Acts 28. Some believe he was executed immediately thereafter.

However, it is more likely based on hints in the Pastoral Epistles that he was released for a time at the end of those two years. His activities after his release are not certain; however, it seems that he visited Ephesus, Macedonia, Crete, and Nicopolis (I Timothy 1:3; Titus 1:5; 3:12).

According to tradition, Paul may then have visited Spain before once again becoming a prisoner in Rome. When he writes to Timothy the second time, he is again imprisoned and it sounds as though he has no hope of release (II Timothy 1:16-17; 2:9; 4:6-8, 16-18).

The Pastoral Epistles

Lesson 8: Second Roman Captivity

1. Second Timothy

2. Hebrews

3. Death of Paul

Second Timothy

Paul wrote his second letter to Timothy from a Roman jail. Most likely this was during the time of Nero's persecution of Christians. Paul was no longer under relatively lax house arrest, but most likely in a Roman prison cell as “an evildoer” (II Tim. 2:9). He does not seem to have had much hope for release (II Tim. 4:6-8, 17-18). Paul wrote this letter to Timothy as somewhat of a farewell. Although he hoped that Timothy would be able to visit him (II Tim. 4:21), this letter sounds like final instructions to Timothy.

In it, Paul exhorts Timothy to faithfully continue in ministry. Paul also emphasizes some of the principles that he holds dear. One of these is “sound doctrine.”

Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me, in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus. (II Tim. 1:13)

And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also. (II Tim.

Lesson 9: The General Epistles

1. Introduction to the General Epistles

2. James

3. First and Second Peter

4. First, Second, and Third John

5. Jude

6. Revelation

Introduction to the General Epistles

Although the non-Pauline epistles make up a small percentage of the New Testament, each book makes a valuable contribution to Scripture. Four authors are represented: James, Peter, John and Jude. Each author provides his own unique perspective and enriches our understanding.

Most of these epistles were written after Paul's time, though some may have been written near the end of his life. James is the exception; some believe this may have been the first, or one of the first, epistles to be written.

Many of the non-Pauline epistles deal with false doctrine. Paul had to take a stand against false doctrine, and it is apparent from these later epistles that the problem of false doctrine was becoming even more severe.

James

Lesson 1: Why Preaching and Teaching

Defining Preaching and Homiletics

“And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.” (Mat 16:18)

Thus, Jesus Christ informs us that He will definitely build His church, and it will be built upon a rock, the rock of revelation of Jesus Christ, God manifest in the flesh. Peter is the one to whom Jesus gives the keys to the kingdom in this scriptural setting. When Jesus poured out the Holy Ghost upon the disciples and the crowds gathered to see this phenomenon, the first thing that Peter did was stand up and begin to speak. On the southern steps to the Temple was a platform where people gathered daily to hear various rabbis speak. At the foot of these steps is a proliferation of small pools of water designed for ritual cleansing and the only place in
Jerusalem where 3,000 baptisms could take place. This is very likely the place where Peter stood and preached the first New Testament Church message, launching a practice that has never been replaced as the primary means of building His church!

“A picture is worth a thousand words” has become an American mantra so pervasive that we almost elevate it to sacredness. My research assistant, Google, tells me that this phrase, found in several forms, is American in origin, although it was mistakenly identified as the wisdom of various Orientals from ancient times. While pictures can evoke joy, sympathy, or other emotions, this whole idea flies in the face of reality. From the beginning of time, words have been the vehicle of all that is important, no matter the culture or time period.

Lesson 2: Help! I’ve Been Asked to Speak!

What Do I Do?

Overview of Common Methods of Speaking in the Church

There is a public speaking genre for every setting where people are spoken to, whether it be a school, college, corporate board meeting, sales seminar, etc. Although there might be some tips or methods from some of these venues that can be helpful to us, in general, we will focus on some tried and true methods that have long been used in the church.

The most common types of sermons are 1) Expository Sermons, 2) Textual Sermons, and 3) Topical Sermons. There are other types as well, such as Narrative Sermons, and also subsets of these major types, but these three major types will cover most of what we will do.

Expository messages are messages taken from explaining and teaching from blocks of scripture. In some ways, this is used more in teaching than in preaching, but expository preaching is the best method for teaching.

Textual messages are messages that start from a particular text, but rather than stay in the same scriptural context entirely, the preacher or teacher is free to supplement the main thought with scriptures from other settings.

Lesson 3: Building Your Message

Developing Your Style

In this lesson, we will work together to build some sample rough drafts and then edit them. As we work together, you will realize that your ideas will go in different directions than mine or your classmates. Also, as we work on building an outline, or the rough draft, you will find that a different format works better for you than the one I am preparing. These differences will be there from start to finish. It is inevitable that you will develop your own style. There are some things I want to mention here:

1. Embrace Your Style - Although you will want to be the best you can be, you will never succeed if you try to just be a clone of someone else’s style. Don’t be afraid to embrace the fact that you think differently, prepare differently, or deliver differently. There are some basics that absolutely must be adhered to, such as prayer, study, and the basics of public speaking and preaching, but there is room for some personal preferences.

Lesson 4: Building Your Message

Topical Sermon Examples

In “How to Prepare Bible Messages,” James Braga gives us some good examples of various ways

to develop a topical message. Most of the lecture for Lesson 4 will consist of working through these examples as well as showing you how we should use effective titles and illustrations. In these notes, I am listing Braga’s samples for you:

Lesson 5: Textual Sermons

Overview

Textual Message Building

Beginnings

All messages should begin with prayerful consideration for the will of God. When we studied topical messages, we were working from the thought that our messages were generated by a need to speak to a certain group at a certain time. However, there will be many times when you will develop messages and thoughts prior to there being a specific moment to present them. Although we can prepare topical messages before there is any particular moment for them, we are probably more apt to develop them based on the need that we sense in prayer. With textual messages, we will likely see more opportunities for messages arising from your study of the Scripture in general rather than a need for a particular moment.

Textual messages are usually generated because a particular passage of Scripture captures your heart and invites further study and development. As you probe more deeply into the truths found in a passage of scripture, the heartbeat, or theme, of that passage speaks to you, and then you see the need for it to speak to others. I have discovered that once the truth of a passage has been developed, when the need arises for you to give a message, the Holy Ghost will guide you in its application for that occasion.

A topical message can begin with a passage of Scripture, as we previously discovered. In this process, Scripture gives us an idea or topic that we want to speak on. We might read a Scripture like I Thess. 5:17, “Pray without ceasing,” or James 5:17, “…pray one for another…the effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much” and be stirred to preach on prayer. However, neither of these verses or surrounding passages might contain the points and themes we want to discuss about prayer. The message started with a particular verse but became a topical message.

Lesson 6: Expository Sermons

Overview

James Braga identifies an expository sermon this way: “An expository sermon is one in which a more or less extended portion of Scripture is interpreted in relation to one theme or subject. The bulk of the material for the sermon is drawn directly from the passage, and the outline consists of a series of progressive ideas centered on that main idea.”3

Perhaps the best-known book on expository preaching is “Biblical Preaching” by Haddon W.

Robinson, and it is an excellent resource on preaching in general, but it is mainly focused on expository preaching methods. His definition for expository preaching is this: “Expository preaching is the communication of a biblical concept, derived from and transmitted through a historical, grammatical, and literary study of a passage in its context, which the Holy Spirit first applies to the personality and experience of the preacher, then through him to his hearers.”4

These textbook style definitions are describing a preaching and teaching method whereby a person takes a passage of scripture that is usually longer than two or three verses and studies it within its textual setting until the central message becomes clear and rightly understood. This involves all of the types of study that we typically give to a passage, and all of the points to be made are taken from this passage of Scripture. This type of preaching is so essential to a congregation because it uses the passage just as it was given by God, and the result over the long term is a congregation that gains a great understanding of the Bible.

Lesson 7: Titles and Introductions

Overview

The Outline

We have utilized the outline form to demonstrate the differences between topical, textual, and expository preaching. We have also discussed how you will probably develop your own unique way of outlining your message, especially when it comes to the way you would like to have it in front of you while you give it. However, we haven’t shown examples of classic sermon outline forms in general, and I believe it would be beneficial for you to see this.

In the first lesson, you were given the basic idea of the three-point outline. We also discussed how the three-point outline actually becomes a five-point outline when you figure in the basic construction of the body of your message. Let’s look at a sample outline that shows this structure:

Title:____________________________________

Text:____________________________________

Lesson 8: A Body is Both Flesh and Bones

Let’s take a more in-depth look at the body of a message. Although we have already covered the basics of the body, we need to look more deeply into how to structure the sermon and fill it out in a complete way.

The foundation of the body is its skeleton. In the body of a message, this is our outline. However you utilize the outline form, this is where you place the framework of your message.

We have worked with a number of sample outlines as we looked at the different types of messages. In your assignments, you have given me outlines of the basic points of what you desired to teach or preach. Now, we are going to look at the body in its fullness.

Lesson 9: Delivering Your Message

Messenger Preparation

You have spent a lot of time in this course learning to prepare a message. Now we need to look at preparing the messenger who will give that message. At the beginning of our course, we discussed the three important elements to be considered: God, Yourself, and Your Audience. In our message preparation, we focused intently on God and on His Word. We also considered our audience because that is who the message was being prepared for. Although each of these elements is to be considered during every part of the process and delivery, there are different emphases placed at different times. The only element that is considered equally in all points is God.

Now we are coming to the moment of delivery, and you must consider yourself. You will be front and center over the next event, and there is no way to avoid it. Although we all talk about “just being the messenger” or the “delivery boy,” and we humbly admit that we are the least in the equation, the sobering fact is that we are vitally important to the delivery and reception of

God’s message. You cannot remove yourself. You cannot make yourself less important. God has chosen to use human beings to impart His word to people. Therefore, rather than shrinking from this, we need to accept it and “own it.” God wants you to embrace the fact that you are a very important part of this process and use this weighty responsibility to motivate you to be the best you can be.

Lesson 10: Delivering Your Message, Part 2

Practical Principles to Improve Your Delivery

Your Physical Presence

1. You will be the physical focus during delivery

1. Your posture is important. Try to project confidence and do not show
uncomfortableness with being the focus. Do not fidget or use the podium as a crutch for your nervousness. Stand comfortably behind the center of the podium and, in a relaxed manner, place both hands on the podium if possible. You probably won’t remain in this position long, but it starts you out on the right foot. You are there, you are comfortable, you are confident, and you are centering yourself in your audience’s focus.

Lesson 1: Introduction to Apostolic Church History

Preface
In the year AD 33, Jesus Christ, God manifest in the flesh, shed His blood on the cross of Calvary. He became the cornerstone on which all future generations of mankind could receive remission of sins and build a life of faith in Him together. That same year, His closest disciples were filled with God’s Spirit, the Holy Ghost, and preached the message of Christ starting at Jerusalem. In obedience to Jesus’ commission, they took the Gospel to the furthest reaches of the known world, continuing to build a God-ordained institution comprised of all believers who are born again according to Acts 2:38. The rest is history.

There are many different ways to approach the subject of church history. We can review the subject by using the framework of key characters, key events, treatment and development of specific doctrines, relation to the worldly political system, etc. Furthermore, a history of the apostolic church must often be told in a manner that makes the most of surviving, and often corrupted historical records. In our approach to church history, we will seek to gain the clearest understanding of the Apostolic church through the ages and to understanding the principles that have guided it through many challenges and victories. We will find that the review of the history of the church can be an inspiring, eye-opening, and useful subject as we seek to learn more about God and His work among mankind.

Reasons for Studying Church History
In this course, we will study the origins, growth, and persistence of the true Apostolic church through the centuries. Our study will take us well beyond the sure footing of the New Testament record into the often patchy and unreliable written historical records laid down by scholars through the centuries. We will also talk about many general developments in religious history. Why?

Lesson 2: Jesus Christ, the Chief Cornerstone

Introduction
Jesus Christ is the founder of the New Testament church. His death, burial, and resurrection (the gospel) are the key events upon which our faith is built. He hand picked and personally trained the original twelve apostles, who would continue to lay the foundation of the church after His ascension into heaven.

The key scripture text for this lesson and the next is:

Lesson 3: The Apostles and the New Testament Church

Introduction
Historians often refer to this time period as the “Apostolic Age.” By this, they mean that the events of this age transpired during the lifetimes of the original twelve apostles. However, we believe that the doctrines of the apostles and the results of their preaching can still be experienced today!

The events recorded in the book of Acts and the doctrines taught in the Epistles reveal the pattern that the apostolic church should follow until Christ returns for it. Alongside the history of the church, the New Testament contains the details that we need to know about how the apostolic church should operate: how to preach the gospel, what happens when it’s preached, what miracles to expect, what officers should govern the church, the operation of the gifts of the Spirit, etc.

Lesson 4: The Church in the Pre-Nicene Age, Part 1

Introduction
The next period of time that we will study will be referred to as the Pre-Nicene Age. It is called this because it is the era that preceded the Council of Nicaea in AD 325 which ushered in numerous changes that altered the course of Christendom. Note that historians and
theologians use other terms to refer to this period of Christianity: Ante-Nicene Age, Old Catholic Age, The Ancient Church, etc. For the most part, in this lesson we are talking about the period of history from AD 100 – 325.

In studying the Pre-Nicene Age, we witness many Christian believers undergo a general falling away from apostolic doctrines, but also strong evidence that many believers continued to hold to those doctrines as the church continued to grow and face challenges from without and within. Throughout this age, believers in the Oneness of God have been identified by various labels:

Lesson 5: The Church in the Pre-Nicene Age, Part 2

Introduction
In the last lesson, we showed how leaders in the burgeoning Catholic Church of the second and third centuries introduced false teachings and suppressed the moving of the Spirit in their congregations. However, many preachers stood up against these developments and contended for apostolic doctrine. In this lesson, we will look at these “ancient champions of Oneness.” We will also study some general concepts in the history of Christianity from the Pre-Nicene Age.

The Many Sects of Early Christianity
In 1934, the German historian Walter Bauer published a book titled Heresy and Orthodoxy in Earliest Christianity in which he challenged the conventional view that the institutional church was the epicenter of early Christianity. The Bauer Thesis can be stated as follows: In the Pre-Nicene Age, there were many forms of Christianity that existed alongside each other, and Christian groups later deemed “heretical” may in fact have been the majority and produced the most prolific writers. Eventually, the “orthodox” strain of Christianity, the one practiced by the church of Rome, used Rome’s superior power and finances to assert dominance to the exclusion and destruction of the of the other groups, altering and destroying their writings.1 While controversial, the Bauer Thesis puts its finger on the pulse of this diversity aspect of early Christianity. It also highlights the usurpation of the historical narrative by the faction of Christianity that can variously be referred to as Catholic, orthodox, hierarchical, institutional, etc.

The Ebionites
The Ebionites were Jewish Christians who held to the legalistic teaching that believers were still obligated to keep the whole law of Moses. They generally stressed the humanity of Jesus Christ,

Lesson 6: The Council of Nicaea and the Rise of the Roman State Church

Introduction
The ultimate fulfillment of the Pre-Nicene progression towards church centralization was the merger of church and state that took place when Catholic Christianity became the officially-endorsed religion of the Roman Empire. The events of the fourth century show how close a hand the state took in church history.

The Council of Nicaea held in AD 325 marks a distinct turning point in the course of the Catholic Church that bore significant influence on the later history of Christianity. The bishops who gathered under the influence of the Roman Emperor Constantine made doctrinal and
organizational decisions of tremendous consequence. Even though the general trajectory of Christianity had been set towards apostasy, formalism, and institutionalization, there is a significant difference between the church that we see before this historic council, and the world of Christendom that comes after it.

Constantine I

Lesson 7: The Middle Ages, the Reformation, and the Rise of Denominationalism

The Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is the period in history from the fall of the western Roman empire in AD 476 to the fall of the eastern Byzantine empire in 1453. It is the timeframe between two great periods of European civilization – the Roman Empire on one end and the Renaissance on the other. The perceived lack of cultural and scientific advancements during these centuries has led some historians to call them the “Dark Ages.”

After the marriage of the Catholic Church to the imperial Roman government in the fourth century, the Roman Catholic Church became the government-endorsed form of Christianity in Europe, and other forms of Christianity were declared illegal by law (see previous lesson). The Middle Ages saw the dominance of Catholicism in the western world for over a thousand years, but Catholicism was by no means the only form of Christianity being practiced. Numerous schisms within Catholicism and the success of many “deviant” sects ensured that there was diversity in Christian faith throughout the Middle Ages.

Catholicism
From its very inception in the Pre-Nicene Age, the Catholic Church marched steadily towards formalism and institutionalism. It progressively became more standardized (“orthodox”) in its doctrine, liturgical in its practice, and institutional in its governance. The doctrines and practices adopted by the Catholic Church began to look less and less like the original apostolic church as it redefined itself in its own image and as its grew its power and influence over European society.

Lesson 8: The Early Pentecostal Movement

Introduction
The modern Pentecostal movement broke out in a great revival at the beginning of the twentieth century. Many people experienced the baptism of the Holy Ghost with the initial sign of speaking in other tongues. They prayed fervently, worshiped ecstatically, received miracles, and spread the news of their experience far and wide. The ministers who led this revival travelled throughout the United States and around the world, preaching the baptism of the Holy Ghost and fanning the flames of revival.

Precursors to the Pentecostal Movement

The Holiness Movement
The Methodist movement that was begun by John Wesley was originally a source of great evangelical revival. Under Wesley’s preaching, “remarkable exhibitions of bodily excitement were frequent. Men and women cried out, fainted, were torn with convulsions.”1

Lesson 9: The Modern Oneness Pentecostal Movement

Introduction
In the first decade of the twentieth century, Pentecostalism had swept through North America and was establishing itself abroad. As believers were being filled with the Holy Ghost and were earnestly contending for the faith once delivered to the saints of old, it was inevitable that the Lord would reveal to the hearts of the movement’s leaders many Bible truths that had been forgotten by many. In the second decade of the twentieth century, many Pentecostal leaders received the revelation of the Oneness of the Godhead per Deuteronomy 6:4 and the essentiality of baptizing converts in the name of Jesus Christ per Acts 2:38.

Early Adherents to Apostolic Truth
As discussed in previous lessons, throughout the centuries many different preachers and groups of Christian believers accepted the Oneness of the Godhead and/or baptized their converts in Jesus’ name. In this sense, the apostolic church has not perished from the earth. But there is no direct historical link between these early apostolic adherents and the Oneness movement of the early twentieth century. However, the scriptural honesty and passionate hunger for God of many in the late 1800s and early 1900s no doubt created a receptivity for truth in the hearts of the early Pentecostals.

Before the Oneness position began as a “movement” within the Pentecostal churches, many early Pentecostal leaders had begun to accept certain apostolic doctrinal distinctives. Charles Parham himself began to baptize in the name of Jesus. There was a missionary to Latin America who was baptizing in Jesus’ name in 1904. Some at Azusa Street and possibly some under William Durham’s ministry in Chicago were baptized in Jesus’ name. And we also hear of a Dr. Sykes, who baptized in the name of Jesus.

Lesson 1: Foundational Concepts of the Church

Defining the Church

“And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.” (Mat 16:18)

“But if I tarry long, that thou mayest know how thou oughtest to behave thyself in the house of God, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and ground of the truth.” (1Ti 3:15)

In our generation, if you don’t know the meaning of something, you “Google it” or go to dictionary.com. We have grown very accustomed to such convenience, but we also have been inundated by a plethora of opinions, fringe usages, and just data overload. Even if we go back to the way of our fathers and go to a dictionary or encyclopedia, we still will run into some pretty exhaustive definitions and meanings. The simplest way to get to the meaning we desire is to find that entry that applies to the walk of life or the way we desire to use a term.

When you go to dictionary.com to find the definition for “church,” you are hit with 17 entries. The first entry, and the one that modern man would most identify with, says that “church” is “a building for public Christian worship.” Although we all regularly use that definition, and we agree that it is an appropriate appellation, we also know that this is not what the church really is. We have been around “church” long enough to know that “church” was not originally a building made with hands, and it is not the true definition of the Church built by our Lord Jesus.

Lesson 2: Foundational Concepts of the Church

The True Church/False churches

There is another way to determine whether a church that Christendom accepts is truly a church or not. Christendom itself realizes that not every “visible” church is a true church. Let’s look at

another excerpt from Grudem:

Lesson 3: Church Government

The Founding Authority of the Church

The Governing Principles of the Church

The Head

The church in the Old Testament was a theocracy. According to Webster’s Dictionary of American English, “Theocracy” means “Government of a state by the immediate direction of God; or the state thus governed. Of this species, the Israelites furnish an illustrious example. The theocracy lasted till the time of Saul.” Let’s look at what Easton's Bible Dictionary has to say about “theocracy:”

Lesson 4: The Ministry

Practical Considerations

Qualifications

Some of you are in the ministry, some might be feeling a call, but most of you are probably saints seeking a better understanding of God’s kingdom. Although this question is of utmost importance to anyone feeling a call from God into the ministry, I primarily want to focus on it from a saint’s perspective.

Have you ever considered that God doesn’t have a separate Bible, or even a sacred handbook, for preachers? Everything that God wrote through holy men of old to the ministry was placed in the same Bible you read today. Evidently, it was important to God that you understand the qualifications for the ministry, too. Why would He do that?

Lesson 5: Regulating Spiritual Operations

The Church in Order

Instructions

Everything operates better when there is order and structure. From the very beginning, God stepped into chaos and formed a world that operates according to laws and principles. There is order in our universe. The church should be the same way. It cannot operate efficiently in a state of disorder or chaos.

1. The things that we believe are in order: “Forasmuch as many have taken in hand to set forth in order a declaration of those things which are most surely believed among us…” (Luke 1:1)

Lesson 6: The Lord’s Supper

Overview

The Ordinance

Taken from “Lectures in Systematic Theology” by Henry C. Thiessen Excerpts from pages 326 - 329

This second ordinance is called by several names. (1) In 1 Cor. It is called the Lord’s Supper (11:20). (2) It is also called “the breaking of bread” (Acts 2:42), a common phrase for partaking of a common meal. (3) It is rendered “communion,” from the Authorized Version translation of koinonia in 1 Cor. 10:16, “Is not the cup of blessing which we bless a sharing (communion) in the body of Christ?” And (4) finally, it is called the “Eucharis,” from the Greek word for thanksgiving, taken from the giving of thanks before partaking of the elements. The common meal eaten before the partaking of the elements was called the agape or love-feast (Jude 12).

B. Its Significance

Lesson 7: Angels and Demons

Overview

Angels

Aspects of Angels

The Scripture speaks often of angels, and we see them in action in various situations, but we do not know them as we know humanity. We must take what we see specifically from the Bible and apply it to our certain knowledge that they exist and come up with a general framework of understanding. It is evident that they work on behalf of God, but since we don’t operate in the realm of angels, we don’t have to know more than the Scripture tells us. Let us look at some things that we do know:

things “visible and invisible” through Christ and for him, and then specifically includes the angelic world with the phrase “whether thrones or dominions or principalities or authorities” (Col. 1:16). That angels exercise moral judgement is seen in the fact that some of them sinned and fell from their positions (2 Peter 2:4; Jude 6; see chapter 20). Their high intelligence is seen throughout Scripture as they speak to people (Matt. 28:5; Acts 12:6 – 11; et al.) and sing praise to God (Rev. 4:11; 5:11). Since angels are “spirits” (Heb. 1:14) or spiritual creatures, they do not ordinarily have physical bodies (Luke 24:39). Therefore they cannot usually be seen by us unless God gives us a special ability to see them (Num. 22:31; 2 Kings 6:17; Luke 2:13). In their ordinary activities of guarding and protecting us (Ps.

34:7; 91:11; Heb. 1:14), and joining with us in worship to God (Heb. 12:22), they are invisible.

Lesson 8: Doctrine of the Last Days

Overview

In these following two lessons, we will look at the various theories concerning eschatology (the study of last things). Some matters are essential to our foundational beliefs concerning the end times, but there are also areas where we have continuing disagreement, even among apostolics. My purpose is not to convince you of a particular belief system concerning the timing of events but rather to give you a good general framework of what is believed and taught by various groups and churches. I also want you to see clearly the areas where belief is essential and see where it is okay to have different opinions.

There is no Biblical subject that has generated more varied opinions than the subject of the Last Days. While other debates might be more heated or divisive, none are more varied. Our first task will be to discover the significant terms and doctrines that provide the overall framework. We will then examine the various branches of each of these doctrines. Some of these topics will be covered in more depth than others.

Lesson 9: Doctrine of the Last Days

Overview

Eschatological beliefs in the early church were fairly simple and straightforward. We don’t know what men might have preached or discussed concerning John’s Revelation, but we do know that they focused on the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. There were a few writings that imply the early church believed Jesus would reign for a thousand years on earth, but the writings from that era are scarce in general, so it’s no surprise that there is little record. The early church held an emphatic belief in the Second Coming, frequently mentioning it.

During the time of Constantine and the surge in political favor, preaching on the Second Coming started to wane. By the time the Roman Catholic Church was fully established, the doctrines of the Last Days and the Second Coming had begun to fade. The RCC was moving toward an allegorical method of interpreting Scripture, so they either became Amillennialists or
Postmillennialists, believing that the RCC’s political power was indicative of Jesus reigning on earth.

During the same period that a revival of interest in divine healing and the infilling of the Holy Ghost emerged in the late 1800s, there was also a surge of interest in the Second Coming and other eschatological teachings. It appears that a revival of the Holy Ghost and an interest in the Second Coming have always been closely linked.

This revival of interest focused primarily on premillennial beliefs, and more specifically, Pretribulation Dispensationalism. In the 19th century, various religious revivals were taking place among different denominations, and we are a product of great hunger among several groups. People from these denominational backgrounds were meeting in “camp meetings” and spending days in prayer, seeking divine healing and moves of God. Many descriptions of these meetings suggest that people may have been receiving the Holy Ghost. Indeed, it was these meetings that sparked a desire in people to seek more than they were currently experiencing. Oneness Pentecostalism has its roots in these times.

Lesson 1 – Introduction to Christian Ethics

Introduction

What exactly does it mean as a Christian to have ethics? What are ethics? Ethics deal with what is morally right and wrong. Ethics could be defined as morals, morality, values, rights and wrongs, principles, ideals, standards (of behavior), a value system, virtues, or dictates of conscience. Christian ethics are based on the Word of God and are absolute. God’s word is absolute, and God’s character and morals never change (Mal. 3:6, James 1:17). God commands us to take on His moral attributes when we become Christians. “Be holy, because I am holy”, “Be perfect, therefore, as your heavenly Father is perfect.” We as Christians are commanded to be as He is. With this in mind, is it ever ok to tell a lie? Suppose someone breaks into your home and has a gun. Your family is upstairs and the perpetrator asks “Is there anyone else in the house?” In this situation would it be justifiable to lie? If God said to be perfect because He is perfect and to be holy because He is holy, then when Jesus said in Matthew 5:48 “It is impossible for God to lie,” should we not lie either? If we say that it is sometimes ok to tell a lie, could we not say it is sometimes justifiable to be unholy or imperfect? If ethics have no absolutes by which we can be guided, then they become definable by each individual’s interpretation rather than God’s definition of right and wrong. There has to be a line, an absolute that we as Christians can look to and follow. Without a moral compass, every man will do that which is right in their own eyes.

The purpose of this course is to help identify a few of the ethical issues facing today’s Christians. It is hoped that every student’s convictions will be strengthened concerning what is right and wrong and that each student will have a better understanding of these issues and be better equipped to be able to defend their beliefs from a biblical standpoint. The issues discussed in this course are all difficult issues with no easy answers. Knowing what you believe and why you believe it is imperative, but it is significantly better if you are able to explain to others what you believe and why you believe it and be able to defend your position with solid biblical teachings.

Lesson 2 – Ethical Systems

Introduction

From ancient times to the present day, philosophers have attempted to understand and express the basis upon which people should act in a morally-responsible manner. Pagan or secular scholars have considered what universal laws they believe the gods may have put in order or what idealistic principles, if any, exist in the universe that mankind should observe. Christian scholars have explored the norms given to us by God in Scripture and how we can live by them. All groups have asked, “Are there any objective ethical laws?” In other words, “Are any moral laws not purely subjective but actually binding on humanity in general?” And, “When ethical norms are in conflict with each other, what are we to do?” This lesson will explore the six major ethical options or systems and how they attempt to answer these questions. Please note that the exposition of each system in this lesson is not to be taken as an endorsement. Throughout this lesson, the student should consider which, if any, of these options conforms to a Biblical approach to the issues.

Categorizing the Options

The six major ethical systems are Antinomianism, Situationism, Generalism, Unqualified Absolutism, Conflicting Absolutism, and Graded Absolutism. We can categorize these views for better understanding.

Lesson 3 – Human Life Part 1: Sanctity of Life, Abortion, & Suicide

Introduction

Some of the most important ethical issues are those that deal with matters of life and death. When our choices can directly impact the prospects of whether someone lives or dies, we must find sound moral ground on which to stand. For that reason, we will cover these topics first.

The Sanctity of Human Life

Before we delve into the specific issues with life and death implications, we must first establish Biblically that God places a high degree of value and importance on each human life. We will look at several passages of scripture that present this concept.

Lesson 4 – Human Life Part 2: Euthanasia and Capital Punishment

Introduction

In this lesson, we continue our discussion of the sanctity of human life as it applies to two controversial issues: euthanasia and capital punishment.

Euthanasia

The word euthanasia, means “good (or happy) death,” and it is defined as any action taken that results in the death of a person in order to relieve that person from suffering. Some would describe euthanasia as “mercy killing.” Euthanasia can take many forms. It includes the practice of doctor-assisted suicide in which a patient with an incurable disease receives assistance from a physician to prematurely end their life. It also includes infanticide, in which the parents of a baby born with deformities or other undesirable characteristics decide to kill it. In general, the types of euthanasia can be described as follows:

Lesson 5 – Human Life Part 3: War and Self Defense

Introduction

In these lessons, we have established that God puts a high premium on human life, and He expects mankind to treat it with a high level of respect and sanctity. For Christians who accept and deeply believe in that ethical norm, two topics can prove particularly challenging: war and self defense.

The Christian and Non-Violence

In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus called those who would follow Him to a higher law. No longer were men to measure their actions based on the Mosaic Law, which was given as a temporary guide to point mankind to the coming of Christ (Galatians 3:24). Now that Christ has come, men are to live by a higher law of the Spirit. Jesus’ teaching touched many aspects of our living: relationships with our brethren, adultery, being sued in court, etc. In each example, Jesus taught that we must not strive to just fill the letter of the law and pursue what the law allowed to our own advantage, but to follow after the true Spirit of love and peace that was behind the law.

Along these lines, Jesus taught that we must no longer live by the principle of “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.” Rather, to those who would do us harm, we must take the higher moral road and not get drawn into “tit for tat” retaliation.

Lesson 6 – Human Life Part 4: Biomedical Issues

Introduction

Medical science today has made truly remarkable achievements. Things thought unattainable for thousands of years have come to pass in just the last century. We have eradicated several common deadly diseases, found effective treatments for others, prolonged our lifespans, made it possible for barren women to conceive, and even decoded our own genetic sequence. But medical science, with all of its promises of building a better life for humanity, has also brought us new ethical dilemmas. In this lesson, we will look at a few biomedical issues and their ethical implications.

A Christian View of Biomedical Issues

Christians depart radically from atheists on the approach to controversial biomedical topics. In general, Christians look to use medical science to correct medical problems and to serve God’s purposes in looking after the wellbeing of humanity, whereas non-Christians look to use science to manipulate life and to take the place of God for humanity. The following table shows the difference between a Christian worldview and approach and a non-Christian worldview and approach when it comes to biomedical topics in general:

Lesson 7 – Relationship Morality Part 1: Marriage and Divorce

Introduction

Of all institutions on the earth, it is difficult to find one more foundational to human
relationships and society than marriage. Yet it is also one that has never been under more severe attack from hell than it is today. As our young people seek to find a marriage partner and as we seek to strengthen our families and assert Biblical normality in this wicked age, we must reinforce our understanding of what a Biblical marriage is and reaffirm the position of our moral compass on the issues surrounding it.

Marriage

The Nature of Marriage

Marriage is Ordained and Sanctioned by God

Lesson 8 – Relationship Morality Part 2: Homosexuality and Pornography

Introduction

In this lesson, we continue our discussion of issues related to romantic relationships and what the Bible teaches as being moral for a Christian. In today’s culture, two issues in particular are pushing heavily against our traditional system of values and threatening to put the church under siege. The agenda of the “LGBTQ” lobby is pressing for full acceptance of their lifestyle choices. And the pornography industry is feeding a powerful addiction in our society that is destroying the decency of individuals and the bonds of family at an alarming rate. As Apostolics, we must bear the shining light of God’s truth on these issues and stand for what is right and moral.

Homosexuality

Biblical Arguments against Homosexuality

God Ordained Heterosexuality, Not Homosexuality

Lesson 9 – Vices: Drugs, Alcohol, and Gambling

Introduction

“The Bible isn’t against drinking, just getting drunk.”

“If God didn’t intend for us to get high, He wouldn’t have made the marijuana plant.”

“Playing the casinos is just fun, and God isn’t against us having a little fun.”

These are comments that the world makes in opposition to conservative Christians trying to live a life free of vices like drinking, drugging, and gambling. More and more, a godly Christian stance on these issues makes a stark contrast to what has become socially acceptable. In this lesson, we are going to reaffirm from a Biblical and social viewpoint why we as Apostolics continue to preach against the old-time vices of alcohol, drugs, and gambling.

Lesson 10 – Civic Morality: Civil Disobedience, Civil Involvement, and Ecology

Introduction

“We are in this world, but we are not of this world.” This is a common expression in the church, and is a paraphrase of part of Jesus’ prayer for His disciples (John 17:15-16). The church is the Kingdom of God, a very spiritual institution. Yet the church is still very much sitting physically on this temporal earth and surrounded by society and its pressures and responsibilities. In this lesson, we will explore the relationship and interaction that the church has with its earthly situation and surroundings, focusing on three key topics: civil disobedience, civil involvement, and ecology.

Civil Disobedience

Is it ever right for a Christian to disobey their government or to break the law? As we will see, the Bible teaches that we are to obey those who have civil authority over us. Yet, we know that throughout history, civil authorities at many times have commanded people to do some very evil things (kill, lie, steal, worship idols, etc.) that are clearly contrary to God’s commandments. In such an ethical dilemma, what is a Christian to do?

Lesson 11 – Truthfulness and Honesty

Introduction

God’s Nature is Truth

God is truth. Through and through, He has always been a God of truth:

13 Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth: for he shall not speak of himself; but whatsoever he shall hear, that shall he speak: and he will shew you things to come. (John 16:13).

5 Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O LORD God of truth. (Psalms 31:5)

Lesson 1: Ambassadors for Christ

Introduction

No doctrine is more central to the overall message of the Bible than the doctrine of Salvation. Jesus is the focal point of Scripture, the long-awaited Messiah who made salvation available through His death, burial, and resurrection.¹ John the Baptist, who was called to go before and prepare the way for the Messiah, identified Jesus, and announced that He was “the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world.”² This is the master theme of the Bible. The opportunity for reconciliation was accomplished by Christ’s sacrifice on the cross.³ His death purchased our atonement and made a way for man to be redeemed from sin.

Truly, the “Master’s business” was to destroy the works of the devil which caused separation between God and man.⁴ Of all the gifts God has given mankind, the greatest is the opportunity to be rescued from the penalty of sin, and the dominion of Satan, and inherit eternal life.⁵ Every person who believes and obeys the Gospel is being reconciled or restored back into favor and fellowship with God,⁶ positively affecting their life on earth and their eternal destination.

What an honor that God would entrust this very important work to us! May we diligently “walk worthy of the vocation” to which we have been called and be about the Master’s business.⁷

Lesson 2: The Greatest is Love

Introduction

When dealing with the Corinthians concerning the gifts of the Spirit, Paul emphasizes the need for love above all else.¹ He lists faith, hope and love but takes careful pains to let his readers know that the greatest of these is love. If love was the reason Jesus died for the sins of the world, then love must be what propels us as we minister reconciliation, certainly not duty, obligation, or fear of retribution. We should be moved with compassion, as was Jesus.²

The Love of God

Love is not something that God does, rather it is His very essence. God is love.³ Apostle John spoke for all of us when he said the reason we love God is “because he first loved us.”⁴ His death on Calvary was an act of love that flowed out of His love for us.

Lesson 3: Persuaded

Introduction

Apostle Paul, regarded as the greatest evangelist of all time, was often effective in persuading men concerning the Gospel of Jesus Christ. What was his secret? Sure, he was called by God. But others have been called who were not as effective. When you read of his missionary journeys, you will quickly observe that the Apostle to the Gentiles was himself fully persuaded. He had no doubts or reservations concerning the Gospel that he preached, the power that it had to change lives, and the consequences of the hearer’s decision to obey or ignore the Gospel. Effective evangelism comes down to this: You must be persuaded before you can persuade.

Paul tried his very best to persuade any who would listen, even if it meant going to prison or to his death to do so. That is persuasive.

Lesson 4: Ye Shall Be Witnesses

Introduction

Just after Jesus instructed His disciples to “Go” teach and baptize, He explains to them that their ability to do this will come through the infilling of the Holy Ghost.

Jesus uses the word “shall” two times in this scripture. He was emphatic that certain things would happen when the disciples received the Holy Ghost: “ye shall receive power” and “ye shall be witnesses”. Out of all the things that we could list that the Holy Ghost gives us power to do, He placed the spotlight on the task before us and let us know that He would be the help we needed to get the job done. Furthermore, He did not say, ye shall witness but “ye shall be witnesses” so that we could understand it is who we are rather than just something we do.

Lesson 5: Intentional Evangelism

Introduction

No one wins souls by accident. A trap that a Christian often falls into is being content with coming to church, enjoying the service, going out to eat, and going about his or her personal business. The effective soul-winner, however, is focused on their most important assignment. It takes priority in their life. A person who has not been effective in winning souls has probably never made it their focus. In other words, they were not intentional about winning souls. Effective evangelism is intentional.

Pray, Prepare, and Persevere

We are laborers together with God. This means, there are things He alone can do and there are things that He allows us to do. It is a joint effort. Praying is vital in our efforts to link up with God and to be who we are supposed to be. Preparation will enable us to “be ready always to give an answer”¹ with the right attitude and conviction. Perseverance will keep us from being deterred by rejection or opposition.

Lesson 6: The Harvest Is Ready

Introduction

Scripture is replete with the analogy of sowing and reaping. In an area where the knowledge of agriculture was prevalent, the principle of sowing and reaping a harvest was an effective teaching tool often used by Jesus and other writers. A classic is in John 4, after the Samaritan woman rushes into town and with compelling conviction and urged the men of the city to “Come, see” Jesus. Upon their return from that same town, His disciples were confused because Jesus did not act hungry, and they wondered if someone else had brought Him food.

Our effectiveness as laborers in His harvest is dependent upon our view of the harvest. How we see the harvest will direct what we do about the harvest.

Lesson 7: A Soul-Winning Attitude

Introduction

The radical change that happens when a person comes to God is noticed by everyone who knows them. We have been called out of darkness, and called to walk in the light of Truth. The old way of life has been forsaken, desires changed, and new friends and activities have been adopted. The new convert may begin to see old friends pull away from them because they have less in common than before.

This is a critical juncture. While it is absolutely necessary that there be a separation from the old lifestyle and anything that would pull a person back into sin, it is also important that a new convert gain credibility with the old friends through this process so that they too could find their new life in Christ.

We believe in separation, not isolation. We do not pull away and hide in the hills. We do not join a monastery or seclude ourselves in such a way that limits our influence. We are a city set on a hill that cannot be hid. We are supposed to be where people can “see our good works,” not hide them as we alienate¹ everyone around us.

Matthew 5:14–16

Lesson 8: The Personal Bible Study¹

Introduction

The effectiveness of our personal evangelism efforts depends largely on our ability to teach someone from the Word of God what they need to know to be saved. The importance of teaching for the purpose of making disciples was revealed in the “Great Commission” when Jesus said to “teach all nations.”² The word “teach” there literally means “to make a disciple” and “to train in discipleship.”³

Opening the Bible and helping someone “see the light” is one of the most fulfilling things you’ll ever do. It is also one of the most effective things you’ll ever do in your efforts to bring someone to Christ. The Word of God has power. We must open the Bible and show them God’s words and watch as the light comes on!⁴

Lesson 9: The Art of Soul-Keeping

Introduction

What is the intrinsic value of a soul? We know that every soul belongs to God¹ and is valuable in His sight.² The unconditional love the Creator has toward His creation is what caused Him to reveal Himself as a man and to lay down His life for the salvation of all who would believe.³

Furthermore, Jesus taught us by example that each soul is worth every effort when He made a special trip to Samaria, talked with Nicodemus by night, and gave us the example of the shepherd who would go search for that one missing lamb.⁴ Most of our focus in this class has been directed toward exploring the biblical doctrine of evangelism in terms of bringing men to Christ. But now we will focus on our individual responsibility to keep the souls that are brought to our church to experience the presence and life-changing power of God. Certainly, a soul worth winning is a soul worth keeping.